Historical diversification of floodplain forest specialist species in the Amazon: a case study with two species of the avian genus Xiphorhynchus (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae).
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Linnean Society of London
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Phylogeographical and population genetics methods are used to reconstruct the diversification history of two species
of the genus
Xiphorhynchus
(Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) associated with seasonally flooded forest types in Amazonia.
Sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome
b
were assessed for 21 and 30 individuals, belonging to eight and
ten populations, of
Xiphorhynchus kienerii
and
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
, respectively. Uncorrected genetic distances
among unique haplotypes recovered ranged only from 0.01% to 0.4% for both species. Over 90% of the genetic variation
detected in both species was partitioned within populations, and therefore was not structured geographically.
Mismatch distributions and values of Tajima’s
D
-tests indicate that both
X. kienerii
and
X. obsoletus
have had small
evolutionary effective population sizes, but experienced a recent demographic expansion. These demographic expansions
are tentatively dated as occurring over the last 18 000 years BP, a time frame which coincides with the establishment
of the early and mid-Holocene age floodplain forest in most of central and eastern Amazonia, following a
period of increased river stages throughout the basin. Based on phylogenetic, phylogeographical, and populations
genetics data obtained for
X. kienerii
and
X. obsoletus
, an evolutionary scenario is proposed to account for the historical
diversification of floodplain specialist species in Amazonia.
Citação
ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan. Historical diversification of floodplain forest specialist species in the Amazon: a case study with two species of the avian genus Xiphorhynchus (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 89, p. 383-395, 2006.