Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA-EUSTACH experiments
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Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi
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The biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, aerosols, and trace gases in
the Amazon Basin was investigated in the project European Studies on Trace Gases and
Atmospheric Chemistry as a Contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere
Experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH). We present an overview of the design of
the project, the measurement sites and methods, and the meteorological conditions
during the experiment. The main results from LBA-EUSTACH are: Eddy correlation
studies in three regions of the Amazon Basin consistently show a large net carbon sink
in the undisturbed rain forest. Nitrogen emitted by forest soils is subject to chemical
cycling within the canopy space, which results in re-uptake of a large fraction of soilderived
NOx by the vegetation. The forest vegetation is both a sink and a source of
volatile organic compounds, with net deposition being particularly important for
partially oxidized organics. Concentrations of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN) are highly seasonal, with a pronounced maximum in the dry (burning) season.
High CCN concentrations from biomass burning have a pronounced impact on cloud
microphysics, rainfall production mechanisms, and probably on large-scale climate
dynamics.
Resumo
The biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, aerosols, and trace gases in
the Amazon Basin was investigated in the project European Studies on Trace Gases and
Atmospheric Chemistry as a Contribution to the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere
Experiment in Amazonia (LBA-EUSTACH). We present an overview of the design of
the project, the measurement sites and methods, and the meteorological conditions
during the experiment. The main results from LBA-EUSTACH are: Eddy correlation
studies in three regions of the Amazon Basin consistently show a large net carbon sink
in the undisturbed rain forest. Nitrogen emitted by forest soils is subject to chemical
cycling within the canopy space, which results in re-uptake of a large fraction of soilderived
NOx by the vegetation. The forest vegetation is both a sink and a source of
volatile organic compounds, with net deposition being particularly important for
partially oxidized organics. Concentrations of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN) are highly seasonal, with a pronounced maximum in the dry (burning) season.
High CCN concentrations from biomass burning have a pronounced impact on cloud
microphysics, rainfall production mechanisms, and probably on large-scale climate
dynamics.
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ANDREAE, M. O.; ARTAXO, P.; BRANDÃO, C.; CARSWELL, F. E.; CICCIOLI, P.; DA COSTA, A. L.; CULF, A. D.; ESTEVES, J. L.; GASH, J. H. C.; GRACE, J.; KABAT, P.; LELIEVELD, J.; MALHI, Y.; MANZI, A. O.; MEIXNER, F. X.; NOBRE, A. D.; NOBRE, C.; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; SILVA-DIAS, M. A.; STEFANI, P.; VALENTINI, R.; VON JOUANNE, J.; WATERLOO, M. J. Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA-EUSTACH experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, n. D20, LBA 33.1-LBA 33.25] (2 p.1/4), doi:10.1029/2001JD000524, 2002.