Florística e estrutura de uma savana de altitude no parque estadual da serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

The savannah is a type of tropical physiognomy with variation in composition and structure, with dominance of herbaceous species, trees and shrubs. The objective was to evaluate the floristic composition and structure of the tree community in a savannah stretch of Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas State Park, in São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará, Brazil. Forty plots of 20 x 20m were sampled, where all individuals with a diameter equal to or greater than 1cm were measured and identified. To evaluate the inventory sampling, the Jackknife 1 richness estimator was used, using the Estimates 8 program. A total of 2,295 individuals were sampled, distributed in 37 families, 64 genera and 72 species and a Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 3,31. Velloziaceae, Malpighiaceae, Fabaceae, Vochysiaceae, Connaraceae, Myrtaceae and Arecaceae were abundant in number of individuals, totaling 74% of the total sampled. Vellozia glochidae Pohl, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Rourea induta Planc, Qualea parviflora Mart., Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth, Syagrus cocoides Mart., Psidium myrsinitis DC. and Ferdinandusa elliptica (Pohl) Pohl recorded an importance value index ≥ 10 and are typical species of the northeastern savana biome and do not occur in other savanna in the state of Pará. This demonstrates the importance of the Serra das Andorinhas Park for the conservation of savanna in a transitional area of the Amazon and Savana biomes.