Musgos (Bryophyta) do nordeste paraense

Abstract

In the northeast of the state of Pará lies the Bragantine zone, with thirteen municipalities and an area of 11,609 km'. At the beginning of the century, with the implementation of the Belém-Brasília railroad, this area suffered a great colonizing action, when its primary forests were replaced by subsistence crops such as cassava, rice, corn, beans, plus logging and charcoal production. Much knowledge of the flora was lost with this devastation, including the biodiversity of the bryophytes. This group of plants, represented by liverworts, mosses and anthocerans, has been little studied in the Amazon, with only 3% of its species known. This work aims to inventory the species of mosses that occur in the different habitats of the Bragantine zone and the municipality of Viseu, which borders it, as part of a larger project of the Study of the Brioflora of the state of Pará; to record the types of substrates and ecosystems where these species occur. The methodology consists of collecting mosses in all the municipalities of this region, taxonomic identification of the material, and analysis of the data obtained. The results presented refer only to the mosses collected in the municipalities of Bragança, Peixe-Boi, Viseu and Augusto Corrêa. We identified 79 species of bryophytes, distributed in 48 genera and 30 families. Calymperaceae, Sematophyllaceae and Hypnaceae, stood out in species diversity and number of occurrences. Henicodium geniculatum (Mitt.) Buck. and Zelometeorium patulum (Hedw.) Manuel, are the most abundant species. Pissidens ornatus Hez., Papillaria nigrescens (Hedw.) Jaeg. and Octoblepharum erectifolium Mitt. are new occurrences for the state of Pará. Greater diversity occurs in primary forests, indicating that their replacement by secondary vegetation results in the impoverishment of species