Características e limitações biológicas para exploração de espécies madeireiras

Abstract

Deforestation resulting from unsustainable exploitation practices has endangered the world heritage of these, and ecological research is needed for proper sustained management and the increase of environmental preservation areas. This work is a study of dryland tree species, especially in 46 tropical areas, using lists of inventories, organized in a DIVERSAM database. Since these species deserve attention for conservation purposes, due to anthropic activity such as logging and deforestation, they were analyzed systematically, phylogenetically, and ecologically. We selected those with wide distribution, with economic use, and that presented a consistent pattern of local rarity. This group is composed of rare species (up to 1 tree.ha-I): Anacardium giganteum (caju-açu), Astronium gracile (muiracatiara), Cedrela odorata (red cedar) , Couratari guianensis (tauarí) , Manilkara huberi (maçaranduba) and Tabebuia serratifolia (yellow ípê), and very rare species (? 0.1 tree.ha-I): Copifera multijuga (copaiba), Dinizia excelsa (red angelim), Hymenaea coubaril (jatobá), Hymenolobium petraum (angelim pedra) and Swietenia macropbylla (mahogany). The locally rare species are distributed in several families, mainly Sapotaceae (10%), Chrysobalanaceae (7%) and Burseraceae (9%). From an ecological point of view, the patterns of rarity detected suggest that this group is composed primarily of large and emergent species in the forest canopy; they present irregular reproductive phenological pattern or with supra annual periodicity, where the mechanisms of dispersal by wind and birds predominate, requiring large clearings to regenerate.