DSpace Coleção: Teses e Dissertações
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/61
Teses e Dissertações2024-01-29T22:59:08ZA Precipitação climática na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém e suas implicações socioambientais
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1972
Título: A Precipitação climática na mesorregião metropolitana de Belém e suas implicações socioambientais
Abstract: Belém metropolitan mesoregion has the largest urban population-concentration of Pará
and presents annually high levels of precipitation. In this scenario the occurrence of
extreme events can foster social and environmental vulnerability, causing risks to
human populations. Thus the present work aims to make a research of climate
precipitation in the Belém metropolitan mesoregion considering its implications in the
modulation of environmental vulnerability during the period 2000 to 2010. For this
research will present the following approaches: I - Identification and analysis of main
patterns spatiotemporal rainfall, with reference to the estimated monthly precipitation at
points of 8/8 km grids for the period of Jan / 2000 to Dec / 2010 given by the technique
of CPC morphing technique (CMORPH) and method factorial Principal Component
Analysis (PCA). II - Analysis of environmental vulnerability to the Belém metropolitan
mesoregion using General Vulnerability Index (GSI), based on data socioeconomic,
epidemiological and climatic indicators during the decade from 2000 to 2010. The ACP
has determined the existence of a pattern of precipitation in three main rainfall modes,
which explain 89% of the total variance of the data. The first mode explains 78% of the
data, showing the seasonal rainy and less rainy season, being directly influenced by the
performance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The second mode explains
6% of the data and is associated with mesoscale events and the influence of the South
Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). The third mode accounts for 5% of the data and
elucidates the influence of local systems as lines of instability and breeze circulation.
The IVG showed that the city of Belém has the highest value of IVG (0.61), assigning a
high vulnerability, given from the high climate vulnerability index (1.00) and
epidemiological (0.76). In return the municipality of Bujaru has a low vulnerability,
with the value of the IVG (0.14) and is explained by the minimum value of CVI (0.00)
and low levels of IVE (0.03) and IVSE (0.38). It is hoped that this study can support the
current management of public policies for municipalities, and encourage the study of
environmental vulnerability in the Amazon region, view from the interdisciplinary.
Tipo: Dissertação2017-02-23T00:00:00ZSustentabilidade e valoração dos recursos hídricos da bacia do rio Moju.
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1971
Título: Sustentabilidade e valoração dos recursos hídricos da bacia do rio Moju.
Abstract: Water has multiple uses essential for human development, functioning of ecosystems and
maintenance of society. Watersheds, as a management tool, need to be evaluated in terms
of their sustainability for their maintenance and / or revitalization, so that they can provide
water at quali-quantitative levels acceptable to human and animal consumption. The
objective of this research was to discuss the water sustainability of the Moju river basin
(PA), evaluating the criteria necessary to assess its water resources considering the
hydrological parameters associated with water availability, environmental cover, social and
management parameters related to capacity of the basin. The proposed method was
structured according to: identification of the main pressures exerted in the Moju river basin
(PA) by the forms of land use; Adoption of the WSI - Water Sustainability Index as an
indicator that represents the sustainability of the river basins, as well as the interrelation
between the pressures in the system and the management responses; And definition of
criteria that allow the correct valorization of the water resources, necessary for the basin to
develop an internal process of management and revitalization. As a result, by zoning the
areas of greatest pressure on natural resources (water and soil), it can be seen that the
Upper Moju is the most sub-basin under pressure. Regarding the application of the WSI
and the PSA model, the sustainability of the basin is compromised because there is an
imbalance in the various variables adopted, as well as the stability of the system. The
necessary answers are all linked to the issue of water resources management, because in
hydrological terms it is observed that the region has potential that allows in the Q70 in the
least rainy period, flow conditions in the main course of the Mojuriver.
Tipo: Dissertação2017-02-15T00:00:00ZAvaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá - Pará, Amazônia oriental.
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1970
Título: Avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá - Pará, Amazônia oriental.
Abstract: The Guamá river basin covers nineteen municipalities in Northeast of Pará, region whit the
highest demographic density in the state. The objective of this research is to apply the water
sustainability index for Guamá river basin, from hydrological aspects (using the Curve
Number methodology), environmental (analysis of the percentage of area composed of
vegetation), social (indexes that contribute to analyze the quality of life) and management (the
analysis of the institutional potential). For a better analysis, the Guamá river basin was
divided into eight sub-basins. The results for the hydrological indicator showed a medium
feature in relation to sub-basins; the environmental indicator showed the difference of the subbasins in relation to the vegetation cover; the social indicator presented worse performance in
relation to the other indicators; and the management indicator presented characteristics that
point to the need to a Institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin presents the
intermediate sustainability index. Considering the context in which this river basin is located,
measures are needed for strategic planning related to the management, and the managers and
other sectors of society should work more efficiently to minimize pressures on the remaining
vegetation, to strengthen institutional capacity and improve the quality of resources and life of
the population, with the intention of potentiate the sustainability of the entire basin.
Tipo: Dissertação2017-02-28T00:00:00ZAvaliação dos usos múltiplos das águas e viabilidade de aproveitamento sa água da chuva na Reserva Extrativista de São João da ponta, bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba-Pa
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1969
Título: Avaliação dos usos múltiplos das águas e viabilidade de aproveitamento sa água da chuva na Reserva Extrativista de São João da ponta, bacia hidrográfica do rio Mocajuba-Pa
Abstract: The supply of water with quality, quantity, continuity and reasonable cost are necessary
to ensure the benefits for human health, especially in riverside and rural communities.
Unsustainable anthropogenic activities, such as livestock farming and agriculture, release
of polluted effluents into water bodies that may cause changes in the physical, chemical,
biological and microbiological characteristics of water, consequently limiting its use. The
objective of this work is to evaluate the multiple uses of water and the feasibility of using
rainwater in the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve area, belonging to the MocajubaPa river basin, considering the demand and the local conditions of water supply. A
theoretical and practical methodology was implemented using secondary data from the
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), National Information System on
Sanitation (SNIS), Secretariat of State for Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) and
Municipal Secretary of Health, Surveillance and Control of São João da Ponta. For the
construction of the primary database, interviews were carried out at the Municipality of
São João da Ponta, at the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Secretariat and the
Municipal Environment Secretariat, and forms were applied in the municipal headquarters
of São João da Ponta and in the community of Jacarequara. The data was organized in
a quantitative database to characterize the water consumption. From this information, it
was evidenced that 76% of the population in the municipality of São João da Ponta is in
a situation of poverty vulnerability. The average water consumption per capita resulted in
146 liters per day. The water consumption in agriculture is approximately 12698.9 m3/ha,
and livestock demands on average 28 m³ / day per animal. Along the amount of water
used for these economic activities, a greater problem is that farmers use water from
nearby rivers and streams, which are the same bodies of water used for leisure by the
local population. Another persistent problem is the fishermen’s use of poison from a toxic
plant, known as "timbó”, which is a source of water contamination and cause of death for
aquatic fauna. In addition, the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the
water consumed in São João da Ponta were analyzed through data provided by the
Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Department, where it can be seen that
approximately 83% of the samples have presence of Total Coliforms and 36.8% of E.
Coli bacteria. According to information from the technical reports from the municipal
headquarters, of 35 water samples collected, 94.29% were identified as unsatisfactory in
the final result. An evaluation of rainwater utilization was also carried out; where the
amount of rainfall in the study region was evaluated using information from rain gauges
at Castanhal, Vigia and Curuçá monitored by the National Water Agency, In a
complementary way, the regional estimates obtained from 43 ANA pluviometric stations
(period 1985-2014) generated by the Laboratory of Hydroenvironmental Studies and
Modeling. The roof measurements were taken considering the procedures adopted by
the Water Utilization Research Group Of the Rainfall in the Amazon of the Federal
University of Pará, through the Environmental Nucleus (NUMA) in partnership with the
Institute of Technology. For the water tank sizing, five (5) methods recommended in the
NBR 15527 were considered: (a) Rippl method, (b) Brazilian Practical Method or Azevedo
Neto Method, (c) German Practical Method, (d) Practical Method English and the (e)
Australian Practical Method. With all this information, it can be observed the region
presents a rainfall index that guarantees good water supply for human consumption and
some economic activities. For the processing of the data, the multi-criteria method
Multipol was implemented. This tool helped in the comparison of the different actions for
problems related to the water uses, considering multiple criteria and policies. It was
evidenced that policies/actions of environmental education, agricultural management and
environmental and water resources management policies are necessary to maintain a
Blue scenario, in where water supply with adequate quality, loss control, and with ample
access is guaranteed.
Tipo: Dissertação2017-02-17T00:00:00Z