O papel estratégico da mão de obra indígena na urbanização da vila colonial de Barcelos (1755-1761)

Abstract

This investigation aims to highlight how indigenous labor was exploited in the spatial transformation of the colonial village of Barcelos, on the Middle Rio Negro, during the second half of the 18th century. Through the examination of documents of that era, such as correspondence, royal letters, printed sources and iconographic material, we will address the participation of indigenous people in the intensive efforts to revitalize the village in two parts. Initially, between 1755 and 1760, we will focus on discussing how indigenous labor was mobilized for the construction of buildings dedicated to the colonial administration and the military sector involved in border demarcations. Thereafter, we will reflect on the hypothesis regarding the arrival of the Spanish in Barcelos during the political crisis that worsened from 1759 onward. Both factors were responsible for the intensification of the exploitation of the indigenous people. In this way, it will be possible to ascertain their role in turning the “gear” of Barcelos’ urbanization. During this period, and amid the ensuing crises, the Lusitanian administration was entirely dependent on the workforce of the native peoples of the Rio Negro for the construction of the first landmarks in the territory.