A família zingiberaceae no estado do Pará: estágio atual do conhecimento sobre ocorrência, usos e óleos essenciais

Abstract

Some species of Zingiberaceae have medicinal use, in perfumery, as condiments and herbal medicines. Aiming to broaden the scientific knowledge of these species, through this plan information on the uses, occurrence, and analysis of the essential oils of those that are commercialized in Pará were collected. The cultivation of Alpinia nutans, A. purpurata and Renealmia sp. is done mainly in the cities of Ananindeua and Marituba, and of Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile in Castanhal. Other places of occurrence are Altamira, Barcarena, Belém, Bragança, Curuçá, Igarapé-Mirim, Mosqueiro, Quatipuru, Parauapebas, and Santa Bárbara. The main indications for use are in folk medicine, perfumery and aromatic baths. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger systems. The components were identified by GC and GC/MS, using DB-5MS capillary column, temperature program: 60°C-240°C (3°C/min) and injector temperature 220°C. The oil yields (ml/g) obtained were trace amounts to 0.7%. The essential oil of A. purpurata is rich in a-pinene: 6.6% - 23.4%, and bpinene: 55.1 %. The main components of A. nutans oil were sabinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, g-terpinene, and 4-terpineole. The oil of H. coronarium is also rich in a- and b-pinene (12.5% - 15.9% and 24.3% - 30.1 %, respectively) followed by b-caryophyllene (5.8% - 23.5%). The inflorescences of E. elatiors are rich in dodecanol and dodecanal besides a-pinene (Zoghbi, M. G. B. & Andrade, E. H. A. 2005. J. Essent. Oil Res., 17, 209-211); those of Z. spectabile in b-felandrene followed by a- and b-pinene. The major components of Z. officinal e oils are neral, geranial and zingiberene. The essential oil yields and the percentage of the chemical components varied depending on the organ of the plants studied.

Some species of Zingiberaceae have medicinal use, in perfumery, as condiments and herbal medicines. Aiming to broaden the scientific knowledge of these species, through this plan information on the uses, occurrence, and analysis of the essential oils of those that are commercialized in Pará were collected. The cultivation of Alpinia nutans, A. purpurata and Renealmia sp. is done mainly in the cities of Ananindeua and Marituba, and of Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile in Castanhal. Other places of occurrence are Altamira, Barcarena, Belém, Bragança, Curuçá, Igarapé-Mirim, Mosqueiro, Quatipuru, Parauapebas, and Santa Bárbara. The main indications for use are in folk medicine, perfumery and aromatic baths. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger systems. The components were identified by GC and GC/MS, using DB-5MS capillary column, temperature program: 60°C-240°C (3°C/min) and injector temperature 220°C. The oil yields (ml/g) obtained were trace amounts to 0.7%. The essential oil of A. purpurata is rich in a-pinene: 6.6% - 23.4%, and bpinene: 55.1 %. The main components of A. nutans oil were sabinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, g-terpinene, and 4-terpineole. The oil of H. coronarium is also rich in a- and b-pinene (12.5% - 15.9% and 24.3% - 30.1 %, respectively) followed by b-caryophyllene (5.8% - 23.5%). The inflorescences of E. elatiors are rich in dodecanol and dodecanal besides a-pinene (Zoghbi, M. G. B. & Andrade, E. H. A. 2005. J. Essent. Oil Res., 17, 209-211); those of Z. spectabile in b-felandrene followed by a- and b-pinene. The major components of Z. officinal e oils are neral, geranial and zingiberene. The essential oil yields and the percentage of the chemical components varied depending on the organ of the plants studied.