Características químicas e morfológicas da cerâmica arqueológica da região de Caxiuanã-Pa

Abstract

Located south of the Marajó archipelago, in the interfluve between the Xingu and Tocantins rivers, the Caxiuanã region occupies lands in the municipalities of Portel and Melgaço- Pa and is about 400km, as the crow flies, west of the city of Belém. The objective of this work is to verify, through the literature on archeology, the characteristics of the pottery from the regions of Santarem, Nhamundá-Trombetas, Xingue-Marajó considering morphology (shape and size) and technical elements such as antiplastic and decoration in order to compare them with the characteristics analyzed of the archeological pottery from the Caxiuanã region, pointing out possible traits they may have in common. Chemical analyses were also carried out on fragments of pottery from the Caxiuanã region. To date, on pottery from the Santarém region, the predominant antiplastic is cauixi associated with ground sherd. The most frequent decoration presents dichromatic and trichromatic paintings. In the region of Nhamundá - Trombetas, where the Konduri style predominated, the antiplastic that prevailed in the local ceramics was the cauixi, and as predominant decoration we observed straight incisions with various traces of red painting and a great frequency of modeling. In the region of the Middle Xingu River, the predominant antiplastic was sand, followed by cauixi, ground sherd, and cariape. The predominant decoration was simple, followed by painted, red, incised, modeled, dotted, and typed. In the Marajoara region the pottery presents shapes that vary between shallow plates and with pedestals, bowls, vases, bowls, cassava roasters, jugs, chiefs' stools and statuettes, and decorations with incisions, excisions, paintings and modeling of human and animal figures. The ceramics from the Caxíuanã region, based on data from the archaeological pottery found at the Manduquinha site, presents cariapé as the predominant antiplastic, followed by sand and cauixi. The most frequently found decoration is white, followed by red, with incisions, excisions, and modeling occurring less frequently.