Aspectos fenológicos, biologia floral, germinação e desenvolvimento morfológico de plantas aromáticas: hyptls suaveolens (l.) poit. (lamiaceae) e mansoa standleyl (steyerm.) a. h. gentry (bignoniaceae)

Abstract

Aromatic plants are those from which essential oils used in the pharmaceutical and food industries are extracted. From this importance, it becomes necessary to know the biology of the species to meet the formal and informal markets, through the production of vegetable raw material. This research aimed to know the phenology and floral biology of Hyptis suaveolens(L.) Poit. (l.amiaceae) and Mansoa standleyi(Steyerm.) A. H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) and the best type of substrate for germination and morphological development of Hyptis suaveolens. The phenology and floral biology of Hyptis suaveolenswere followed from August 2007 to April 2008, in 24 mother plants, 21 seedlings grown in the Jacques Huber Botanical Garden and three in beds located in the Research Campus of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Mansoa standleyi, from September 2007 to April 2008, in a mother plant, located in the neighborhood of Terra Firme, in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará. For flowering, the phenophases were recorded from the appearance of floral buds to the anthesis of flowers and, in the case of fruiting, the appearance of young fruits until complete maturation. The germination of Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated during 37 days, in two treatments, organic black soil (T1) and sand (T2), with three repetitions each and 240 seeds per treatment. After 40 days, the morphological development was evaluated, with the measurement of root length, stem length and total height of 50 seedlings per treatment. The asynchronous phenological pattern was verified for the species. The flowers have morphological characteristics typical for melitofilia, are tubular, have nectar and aroma. Hyptissuaveolenswas frequently visited by Trigona spinipes and Mansoa standleyi, by Trigona sp. and Bombus sp. These bees were considered the possible pollinators. Ants acted as nectar and pollen plundering agents. The organic black soil substrate provided the highest number of germinated seeds in the shortest time and the best morphological development.