Diversidade dos fungos poliporóides no sítio do programa de biodiversidade da Amazônia (ppbio) em Caxiuanã, Melgaço-Pará

Abstract

Polyporoid Fungi are those that present the poroid hymenial surface, or the hymenophore organized in tubes and are grouped in the class of Basidiomycetes. One of the PPBIO/Amazônia sites is located in the Caxiuanã Flona (1"57'36.7920" S and 51 °36'55.0800" W), where this research was carried out, which aims to: 1. Identify the species of Polyporoid Fungi collected at the PPBIO/Caxiuanã site; 2. Analyze abundance, richness and diversity in plots and trails of the grid; 3. Test two sampling models in the plots, in order to elucidate which one applies better to the proposed study. Two collections were carried out: one at the beginning of the rainy season and another in the dry season. In the first excursion, collections occurred in 15 plots (2.50 x 2 m) and randomly on the trails and in the second it was systematized with three sampling models, involving collections in nine plots, in two bands, one of 250 x 2 m (band A) and another of 250 x 5 m (band B, which includes band A), and collections along the trails (1 m - equivalent to the total area sampled in the plots). The methodology for collection and identification was the usual for the fungi group. Polyporoid fungi were represented with 107 samples at the beginning of the rainy season and 403 in the dry season. These results are mainly related to the sampling effort which was higher in the second excursion. To date, 292 samples have been identified to species category, classified into three families (Ganodermataceae, Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae), 13 genera and 35 species. The most abundant species were Po/yporus /eprieurii Lév. (39), Canoderma australe (Fr.) PaI. (31) and Phellinus gilvus (Schwein) PaI. (30). For analyses of the proposed sample design I only the data from the second campaign were taken into account. The species not yet identified were grouped into morphotypes following the similarities of macroscopic characteristics. Each identified species was catalogued as a morphotype, totaling 86 morphotypes. In the sampling of the plots, 158 specimens and 50 morphotypes were obtained in strip B, and 84 specimens and 34 morphotypes in strip A. In qualitative terms, the expansion of the collection range from 2m to 5m revealed an increase of 88% in the number of specimens collected and 47% of morphotypes. On the grid trails, 24 specimens and 69 morphotypes were collected. These data, compared with the results obtained in the sampling of the plots (track B), showed that 38% occurred both in the trails and in the plots; 20% occurred only in the plots and 42% only in the trails, representing an increase in morphotypes and number of specimens (155%). This probably occurred due to a greater supply of substrate resulting from the cutting of trees during the implementation of the trails. The species of the genus Amauroderma were representative in abundance within the plots, emphasizing that the species identified, have mostly the soil as substrate. The identification stage has not yet been completed due to the volume of specimens collected. After this phase, statistical tests will be applied, including for the diversity analysis.