Avaliação da evolução estrutural e da meso e macrofauna do solo em áreas sob sistemas de manejo florestal com aplicação de resíduos de lâmina de madeira triturada no município de Tailândia-Pa

Abstract

In the last 30 years, the exploitation of forest species in the Amazon, and their subsequent cultivation carried out in most cases inappropriately, have jeopardized the sustainability of these ecosystems. Thus, pedological units that supported a diverse forest now need to undergo a process of readjustment of soil conditions, both in their morphostructural characteristics and in their biological characteristics. This soil recovery can be done through the increase of vegetation cover on the soil surface. In the municipality of Tailândia, northeast of Pará, this increase can be done using residues from the timber industry. This study aimed to evaluate the dead-structural and biological conditions of reforestation areas managed with Crushed Wood Blade Residue. This work was carried out in an area provided by the company Tailâminas Plac to the Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará, and included soil description and collection for analysis of morphostructural characteristics and pH and carbon values, as well as sampling of soil meso and macrofauna for later identification at the Zoology Laboratory at the Goeldi Museum. Paricá reforestation systems WITH and WITHOUT application of Shredded Wood Blade Residue (PCLT and PSLT, respectively), and Pupunha reforestation with residue application (PuCLT) were evaluated. For comparison purposes, the experiment was installed in an area of native forest (MN). For the collection of meso and macrofauna, Provid-type traps were installed, which consist of pet bottles cut and buried in the soil, containing 70% alcohol and 2% formoI. The count of organisms revealed low density of the edaphic community in the dry period of the year, presenting a total of 73 individuals distributed in 11 orders in the four treatments. The most representative orders were Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, which were the only ones found in all treatments. The areas with the highest diversity of Orders were MN and PuCLT, respectively. The PCLT treatment presented the lowest indices, both in diversity and number of individuals. Morphostructural and chemical analyses revealed significant improvements in soil characteristics, such as porosity, structure and organic matter. Despite the low density of edaphic fauna found, the morphostructural analysis revealed high biological activity in the plots that received RLMT application. The organic carbon contents found for the areas managed with RLMT were 14.19g Kg 1 for PCLTand 15.41 g.Kg'l for PuCLT, while in the PSLT area this value was 10.89 g.Kg', In MN, reference area, this value was 19.25 g.Kg'l.