Efeito de Substratos na Germinação de Sementes de Plantas Oleaginosas da Restinga e Floresta de Várzea

Abstract

Oilseed plants are those from which oil is extracted as the main raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries, and currently for the production of Biodiesel, however, little is known about the cultivation and vegetative propagation. The objective of the research was to determine the best substrate for germination considering as main biological indicators the number of germinated seeds and the initial germination time of oil plants from restinga and floodplain forest. The fruits of Pseudima frutescens (Aubl.) Radlk, Entada polystachya (L.) De. and Chrysobalanus icaco L., were collected from mother plants located in the restinga of the Environmental Protection Area Algodoal - Maiandeua, municipality of Maracanã State of Pará. The fruits of Euterpe oleracea Mart, Licaria mahuba (A.Samp.) Kosterm, ViroIa surinamensis (Roll.) Warb and Cedrella odorata L. collected in the floodplain forest of Ilha do Combu, Belém municipality, Pará State. The experiment was set up in a suspended nursery located in the Botanical Garden of the Emilio Goeldi Museum of Pará, under a 50% shade cover. The seeds were distributed in plastic trays corresponding to the treatments with black soil and sand with three repetitions. Pseudima frutescens initiated germination first in the sand substrate and had the highest number of germinated seeds (89); Entada polystachya initiated first, however, the highest number of germinated seeds was in black soil (32) and Chrysobalanus icaco initiated on the same day in both treatments and the number of germinated seeds was higher in sand (30). In the lowland rain forest species, the germination of Euterpe oleracea started on the same day in both treatments and the number of seeds germinated was higher in terra preta (41); Licaria mahuba started first in terra preta where it presented the highest number of seeds (15); ViroIa surinamensis started on the same day in both treatments with the same number of germinated seeds (19) and Cedrella odorata started first in terra preta where in the end it presented the highest number of germinated seeds (19).