Levantamento e identificação de espécies inseridas involuntariamente na comercialização de madeiras do Estado do Pará

Abstract

This work aimed to contribute to the knowledge of tropical species traded to the external market by the Port of Belém-PA, through the survey and identification of them, in order to ensure the credibility of the Amazonian wood trade. It is known that the exchange of species can lead to physical-mechanical problems, such as the appearance of defects during drying and the compromising of construction structures, or of chemical order reflected in the reduced natural durability. Thus, the specificity of the anatomical and technological characteristics intrinsic to the species must be considered in their processing. The methodology employed was that traditionally used in wood anatomy studies. The survey allowed us to observe that the companies choose a commercial scientific name that represents, in fact, a group of species known by a common name. The anatomical study verified that the species Carapa guianensis Aubl and Cedrela odorata L. have their load increased by mahogany (Swietenia macrophy/la King) in an attempt to circumvent inspection. The species Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke is confused with Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke; Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. with two other species: Dipteryx intermedia Ducke and Dipteryx oppositifolia (Aubl.) Willd. ; Ipê (Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G. Nicholson) is replaced by Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry; Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl.) by Manilkara bidentata (A D.C.) Chev.); Couratari guianensis Aubl.; Couratari oblongifolia Ducke & R.. Knuth; and Couratari pulchra Sandwith are also confused; Micropholis venulosa Pierre that with Micropholis melinoniana Pierre; Caryocar glabrum (Aubl.) Pers and Caryocar villosum (Aubl. ) Pers; Jatoba has the commercial scientific name Hymenaea courbaril L. However, three other species are confused and included as such: Hymenaea oblongifolia Huber; Hymenaea parvifolia Huber; and Hymenaea reticulata Ducke. Vochysia maxima Ducke is the scientific name used to define species with the common name quaruba. However, Vochysia guianensis Aubl., Vochysia splendens Spruce ex Warm. and Vochysia vismiaefolia Spruce ex Warm. are unintentionally inserted. Therefore, species are being erroneously commercialized by the Port of Belém-PA, causing economic and environmental damage.