Flora Apícola nos Ecossistemas de Floresta Secundária, Mangue e Restinga do Estado do Pará-uma Revisão

Abstract

The floristic composition of Amazonian ecosystems presents species whose floral structures are rich in nectar and pollen, which are used by social bees in honey production and used by beekeepers and melipon farmers to generate income and rational use of the forest, promoting social, economic and environmental sustainability. The study of the potential of the apicultural flora of a region can be done by identifying the pollen grains present in honey samples and pollen loads. However, studies in the state of Pará are still very scarce, but may reveal the importance of these environments in the production of honey and pollen. The present work aimed to collect data on the apicultural flora of the landscape of northeastern Pará and analyze which species are of greatest importance for honey production identified by means of palynological studies on honey and pollen collected by Apis mellifera L. bees, as well as to organize a reference catalog of pollen types to support future studies. The environments and the most important pollen types identified in the studies carried out in Pará state were: Secondary forest (municipalities of Igarapé-Açu, Vigia, São Caetano de Odivelas, Peixe-Boi, Afúa and Belém), with the species Borreria verticillata,. Mimosa pudica, Tapirira guianensis and Hyptis atrorubens; Mangrove forest (Bragança, Tamatateua), with the species Avicennia germinans, Borreria verticillata, Mauritia flexuosa, Mimosa pudica and Tapirira guianensis, and Restinga forest (Maracanã, AlgodoaI/Maiandeua), with the species Maximilliana maripa, Myrcia sp, Tapirira guianensis and Vernonia sp. The identification of plant species in different landscapes can contribute to the better use and valorization of areas where such species occur for the production of beekeeping products.