Subsídios para identificação de manilkara bioentata (a. de candolle) chevaller subsp. surinamensis (miquel) pennington (sapotaceae), utilizando aspectos morfológicos do fruto, da semente e da plântula

Abstract

Manilkara bidenfafa subsp. surinamensis known as maparajuba, was formerly called M. amazônica. It occurs in most of the states of Pará and Amazonas, found mainly in the dryland forest. The objective of this study was to characterize the morphology of fruit, seed and seedling of M. bidenfafa subsp. surinamensis, and to describe the type of germination. We used 30 fruits, 30 seeds and 10 seedlings, describing their morphology. Of the fruits, the morphology, coloration, texture, consistency, dehiscence and indumentation were recorded; the tegument and that of the seedlings were described. The seedling was considered the development stage in which the eophilia were fully formed. The entire study was based on specialized literature and the morphological characters were illustrated with photographs. The species presented bacidium fruit, stenocarpic, globose, apiculate, indehiscent, generally monospermic, immature is green, and mature, reddish brown. Seed stenospheric, elliptical, forehead brownish, cartaceous and slightly reticulate; hilum oblong, conspicuous, lighter brown than forehead, in depression; tegumen membranous, light brown; endosperm continuous, white, adnate to tegumen. Germination phanerocotyledonary, epigeal, emergence curved, prefoliation valvar. Seedling with persistent paracotyledons; eophilus simple, alternate, oblong-elliptic, prefoliation conduplicate, nervation peninerveous and brochidodromous. The characterization of the morphology of the fruit, seed, germination and seedling may contribute to the identification of the species in the field, in the early stages of development, and consequently provide subsidies for forest management.