Produção de matéria seca e óleo essencial sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento de Aeollanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng

Abstract

The universe of Amazonian plants for industrial use is very large, every day increasing the possibilities of using them as a source of new products. Among these plants, Aeollantbus suaueolens Mart. ex Spreng. stands out, known as catinga-de-mulata, which is used in popular medicine, but also with promising potential for the perfume industry. The present work aims to study the production of dry matter and essential oil of A. suaoeolens at different levels of shading. For the development of the work a trial was conducted in the Experimental Field of UFRA in Belém-PA, in soil type Yellow Latosol. The trial was set up in an experimental design entirely at random with 4 levels of shading 70%, 50%, 30% and 0% (full 501), with 4 repetitions and 6 useful plants per plot. The yield and chemical composition of fresh matter of plants from the traditional system of growers cultivated in full sun, in areas close to the city of Belém (Curuçambá - Ananindeua), was also evaluated. Different vegetative parts of the plant were studied such as flower, leaf, stem and root at the final stage of development. For the extraction of the essential oil, the fresh samples were cut, weighed, and submitted to hydrodistillation. The oils obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to obtain the chemical composition and quantification, and 24 chemical constituents were identified. In the traditional producer system, the following essential oil yields were obtained based on the moisture-free sample: leaf (2.0% ), stem (1.0% ). The yield of oils obtained from the fresh samples of flowers and roots was à, 0.05%. The highest percentage of the major component, (E)- β-farnesene, was in the oil from the flower (55.3%), followed by the stem (42.2%), the leaf (21.9%), and the root (6.0%). The plant organ that accumulated the most linalool was the leaf (31.5%). The geraniol contents were highest in the flowers, stem and leaves 03.7%, 6.6% and 6.1%, respectively). Regarding d-decen-ê-lactone, the highest content was detected in the leaves (25.2%). Therefore, regarding the essential oil of A. suaoeolens, it was verified that the contents of the various chemical components are different in the different parts of the plant, and the oil yield was higher in the leaf. The trial installed in the experimental field at UFRA, the plants are in the growth phase, with data collection of dry and fresh material production, yield and essential oil composition, is scheduled for the end of June 2004.