Invertebrados de solo do campus de pesquisa do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: composição e diversidade

Abstract

The soil fauna is represented by a large number of taxa distributed in micro, meso and macrofauna. These groups have an important role, not only in the recycling process itself, but also in the retention of nutrients in various ecosystems. The present work aimed at surveying the soil fauna at the Research Campus of the Goeldi Museum in order to understand the composition and diversity of the soil mesofauna groups. Monthly collections were made from August 2002 to April 2003, using a metal cylindrical probe introduced into the soil up to 5 cm deep. Five collection points were selected from which thirty samples were taken per month. The fauna was extracted in a Berlese Tullgren apparatus over a period of five days, and the sorting and identification of taxa was done in the laboratory. A total of 10,114 individuals were recorded, distributed among 18 taxa, the most representative being: Acari (45%), Hymenoptera (18%), Collembola (9%) and Hemiptera (7%), with 4,601, 1,790, 906 and 711 specimens collected, respectively. The other groups totaled 2,106 individuals (21% of the total). In the dry period (August to November), 3,175 individuals were recorded, dystrically divided into 17 groups, the most abundant being: Acari (52 %), Hymenoptera (25 %), Collembola (6 %), Hemiptera and Psocoptera (3 %); the others totaled 11 %. In the rainy months (December to April), 6,939 individuals were recorded, distributed in 18 groups, where the most abundant were: Acari (43%), Hymenoptera (14%), Collembola (10%), Hemiptera (9%) and Symphyla (6%). The other groups totaled 18% during the high rainfall period. Aedes aegypti was collected only in the central area. Mosquitoes were collected only up to the 20th floor in the central area.