Ecologia reprodutiva de plantas ruderais ocorrentes em áreas de vegetação secundária

Abstract

The ruderal plants have ecological and reproductive characteristics that are responsible for their occurrence and survival in disturbed environments such as the capoeiras. The phenology of flowering and fruiting is associated with the process of plant-animal interaction, important in understanding the ecology of the species. The objective was to study the reproductive ecology of five ruderal species in areas of secondary vegetation in the community of Benjamin Constant, in the municipality of Bragança, Pará State, from September/200 1 to April/2002. The description of floral morphology was made with the help of a magnifying glass; monthly phenological observations (occurrence of floral buds, open flowers and fruits) and collection of insect visitors during the daytime with the help of an entomological net. The results showed Mimosa pudica L. with chapter inflorescences, hermaphrodite flowers, sessile, green sepals tetramerous, pink petals tetramerous; flowering from February to April and fruiting in September and from February to April; four species of insect visitors were found. Borreria latifolia Schum. with glomerulus type inflorescences, axillary and terminal, hermaphrodite flowers, sessile, green sepals, tetramerous and white petals, tetramerous; it flowered from September to October and from February to April and fruiting in November and from March to April; four insect visitors were identified. Borreria verticillata (L.) G.Mey. with glomerule-type inflorescences, axillary and terminal, hermaphrodite flowers, sessile, with two green sepals, white tetramer petals; it bloomed from September to April and fruiting from November to February; fifteen species of visitors were identified. Miconia ciliata (Rich.) DC. with paniculate terminal inflorescences, hermaphrodite flowers, green pentamer sepals, light pink pentamer petals; flowering and fruiting in all months of observation; four species of insect visitors were identified. Clusia grandiflora Splitg. with solitary, showy, hermaphrodite flowers, green tetramer sepals, six to eight white to light rose petals; bloomed and set fruit from September to April; so far no floral visitor has been observed.