Contribuição ao conhecimento da diversidade de musgos (Bryophyta) da microrregião do Salgado-PA

Abstract

The micro-region of Salgado is formed by ten municipalities and is located in the mesoregion of northeastern Pará. It is bordered to the north by the island of Marajó and the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and south by the state of Maranhão and the mesoregion of southeastern Pará and to the west by the mesoregion of Marajó. Until one hundred years ago this region had tall terra firme forests, floodplain and igapós forests, fields and mangroves. Today, little remains of these original forests, mainly due to the severe anthropic action suffered. Much knowledge of the flora has been lost with this devastation, including the biodiversity of bryophytes, a group represented by liverworts, mosses, and anthocerans. This work aims to inventory the species of mosses that occur in the different habitats of the Salgado micro-region, as part of a larger project to study the brioflora of the state of Pará and to record the types of substrates and ecosystems where these species occur. In a previous stage, we studied materials collected in the municipality of Viseu and in some municipalities of the Bragantine zone. The methodology consists of collecting mosses from this micro-region followed by the taxonomic identification of this collected material and analysis of the data obtained. So far, 24 species of mosses have been identified, distributed in 14 genera and 9 families. Calymperaceae, Sematophyllaceae and Leucobryaceae, stood out in species diversity and number of occurrences. Sematopbyüum subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt. and Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr., with 54 and 25 occurrences, respectively, are the most abundant species. The results presented, referring only to the Salgado micro-region, are compared to those found in the Bragantine micro-region and the municipality of Viseu. Greater diversity occurs in primary forests, indicating that their replacement by secondary vegetation results in the impoverishment of species.