Morfologia e anatomia do ráquis, pecíolo e lâmina foliar da espécie Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. que ocorre na ilha do Combu-PA

Abstract

The pupunha palm (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) is the most economically important palm tree in America since pre-Columbian times, for having good adaptation to hot tropical conditions of high humidity and presenting precocity in the production of palm heart, one year after its transplant to the field, and three years for the production of fruit. B. gasipaes has been distributed in the southwestern Amazon, since its probable center of origin and domestication by Amerindians, it is a domesticated species. This work aims to verify the structural organization of tissues in the pinases of B. gasipaes H.B.K. using the anatomy of the leaf blade, petiole and rachis regions. The study of the plant anatomy of palm trees is little explored, and most of the works deal with ethnobotanical surveys and studies. Therefore, the need to know the organization of the anatomical structures of B. gasipaes will be of great value to other related areas such as taxonomy, management and ecology. The collected material was separated into rachis, petiole and pinnae and placed in fixatives (FM and 70% alcohol) to be dissociated, cut and stained using the usual plant anatomy techniques. The analysis of the slides described that the transverse sections of the petiole showed an epidenne of small, irregular cells, below which, there is a layer of three to four small parenchyma cells, neighboring a fibrous layer formed by several fibrous cell nuclei separated by parenchyma cells. Each nucleus contains vessel elements and in the most central region of the petiole is formed by larger parenchyma cells where at the level of the phloem sclerenchyma fibers occur. The rachis is similar to the petiole (structural organization) the only difference is the presence of aerenchyma.