Os efeitos das políticas públicas de desenvolvimento socioeconômico na zona costeira do nordeste paraense: expansão rodoviária, urbanização e atividade turística

Abstract

The development model of the Brazilian government from the 1960s onwards promoted the expansion of road, urbanization, circulation of capital and the development of new markets, such as tourism, in the coastal zone of the northeast of Pará. This work aimed to analyze the changes in the relationship between environmental, economic and social aspects resulting from public policies of socioeconomic development on the beaches of Crispim (Marapanim), Atalaia (Salinópolis) and Ajuruteua (Bragança), from the 1960’s. Specifically it sought to: a) Identify the main changes that occurred in the relationship between the environmental, economic and social aspects resulting from the public policies of socioeconomic development from 60’ies; B) to evaluate socioeconomic, environmental, urban and tourist indicators on the beaches of Crispim (Marapanim), Atalaia (Salinópolis) and Ajuruteua (Bragança) and, c) to evaluate the local community's performance in the process of consolidating policies for socioeconomic development and, guarantee of environmental standards. A standardized and adequate methodology was used for each topic. The main changes were the loss of the restinga vegetation and dunes for the installation of trade markets and second residences (environmental), replacement of fishing spaces for urbanization(social) and the replacement of traditional fishing activities for tourism (economic). Regarding the indicators, the three areas under study have an average (IDH-M). The main threats and impacts that affect the state of the environment that demand responses by public policies identified by the PIER Matrix were: excessive use and contamination of the water table, absence of public services and soil pollution, occupation of PPAs and erosion Coastal areas. Analyzing the tourism indicators (ICT), Atalaia Beach presented greater tourist competitiveness in relation to the other beaches studied. The work of the local community presents a certain mobilization, although there is conflict and divergences of interest that makes it difficult for the community to act, in which its absence causes the misdirection of public policies. The use and inappropriate occupation of space are the main causes of the current problematic situations identified by the survey research and analysis of socioeconomic, urban and tourist development indicators. It is essential that the local community act in public policies, together with public and private managers, so that together they plan and manage a different future scenario for which the reality is going.