Condições ambientais urbanas associadas à ocorrência de criminalidade dos bairros de Belém-Pará

Abstract

This thesis aims at analyzing the implications of environmental conditions (vegetation cover, urban infrastructure and climatic elements of temperature and rainfall) for the practice of crime against the person and the patrimony and the context of urbanity in Belém, Pará, from two áreas: the 1st Patrimonial League and the Expansion Area of Augusto Montenegro. It has as its time frame the period between 2012 and 2014. Studies on urban crime have been gaining in other approaches, in addition to the socioeconomic variables of income, education and social inequality, almost always mentioned as their main causes. Among these perspectives, there are those that relate it to urban and environmental issues, the motivating aspects for this study, considering that the urban expansion of Belém has been processed without attention to these characteristics, either by disorderly occupation or by the State's deficiency, compromising the urban planning process and facilitating the occurrence of crime. Belém, with a population of more than 1.400.000 inhabitants, has been facing the growth of violence, both in already consolidated neighborhoods and in expansion areas. The methodology was divided into subsections, starting with the approach on the challenge of scalar multiplicity in studies dealing with interdisciplinary themes, such as the environmental sciences. Afterwards, the area and the variables were characterized, being processed according to their characteristics. For the environmental data, interview, observation "in loco" and official documents were used; The crime data were arranged according to the neighborhood of occurrence, time and nature of the event; The climatic data of temperature and precipitation were divided according to the time of occurrence. The results were arranged in tables, graphs and maps, making possible the analysis based on the information triangulation, which, when evidencing the need to improve the urban management of Belém, allowed to make recommendations regarding the alternatives for the possibility of reduction of opportunities for committing crimes, including: improving natural surveillance conditions, such as public lighting; The "eyes to the street"; taking care of already degraded areas, preventing others from entering this process, and; the verification of a (re) design of urban space, which has among its objectives, if not eliminate, at least hinder the possibility of escape of marginal people after the commission of a crime.