Caracterização ecológica de espécies arbóreas que regeneram em florestas secundárias do leste do Pará

Abstract

With the deforestation of the Amazon forest, forest fragments of various sizes are formed, creating a landscape similar to a patchwork quilt. Such fragmentation affects the dynamics of the forest and, consequently, its components. Due to this fragmentation, it is possible to observe which species are able to regenerate in the primary forest and if native tree species of the primary forest are able to regenerate in the "capoeiras", to verify how many and which are these species, as well as their ecological characteristics. In order to answer these questions, we analyzed an inventory conducted by Vieira (1996) in the Bragantine Region, more specifically in the municipality of São Francisco do Pará, in a fragment of terra firme primary forest of trees 35 in DBH and regeneration, and surveys of stands with ages of 2, 6, 12, 20, 40, 65 and 70 years conducted by Almeida (1999) in the same municipality: In the primary forest, it was verified tree species and in the regeneration 164 species, and the tree species with regeneration in the fragment were 81, representing a percentage of 35.6%. In the "Capoeiras" 120 tree species were observed. The number of common species between primary forest and secondary regrowth totaled 44, representing 19.3% in relation to the species of primary forest and 36.6% in relation to the species of secondary regrowth. With this information we began the analysis of characteristics of the 44 species such as: size of fruit/seed, regeneration via bank, regrowth or both, dispersal (anemochoric, hydrophoric, autochoric, zoochoric (various)), among others. Based on the size classes (0-1 in, 1-3 in, 3-5 in, > 5 in) established for the seeds, what can be observed is that 61 % of the species have seeds between the size class 1-3 in and no species was found with seeds larger than 5 in. Regarding dispersal, the vast majority of species (64%) showed zoochoric dispersion. With these aspects, we hope to select species that have potential for the recovery of degraded areas.