Zoneamento tradicional do uso do espaço da comunidade de Tamatateua um exercício etnográfico

Abstract

The aim of the present work is to identify and characterize the areas used by the population in order to have a configuration of the use of space in the Tamatateua community, with a view to getting to know the forms of traditional zoning and use, based on local knowledge, so as to understand how the process of these traditional demarcations takes place. The field research was based, first of all, on visits and meetings with the local association, explaining the purpose of our presence in the community, followed by formal and informal conversations, complemented by visual records (photography) and the preparation of a "crôqui". The community studied is located north of the city of Bragança, to the left of the highway that connects Bragança/Ajuruteua, with approximately 1500 inhabitants, exhibits a different profile in its spatial division, since it is made up of several "islands" ("according to them a set of lands surrounded by natural fields"). Its economy is focused on crab gathering, artisanal fishing, agriculture, cattle raising, and the sale of medicinal herbs. As a form of management of the natural patrimony, it was observed that on the land, agriculture is done in a varied way (pasture with and without a threshing floor, which is used to grow tobacco, corn, rice, beans, maxixe, watermelon, manioc, etc.), besides the planting of fruit trees, animal husbandry, and the cultivation of medicinal plants found in the backyards. Clay is extracted from the natural fields (making handicrafts), as well as freshwater fish fishing, and is also used for cattle grazing. In the aquatic space, the artisanal fishing is quite accentuated, having as fishing method the use of muzuá, line fishing, malhadeira, puça, tapagem de igarapé, arrastro, fishing with black net, cacurí, espinheI. In the mangrove (vegetation that follows the river's edge) we find the crab, which is considered in the community as a major source of income, the crabbers go to the mangrove more often during three days a week (Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday), when the production is sold to several municipalities in Pará. And finally, we noticed that the activities developed by the population are governed by the (winter/summer season), (moon and tide) and use the relations of reciprocity (due to the large kinship relationship) that reinforces solidarity in agriculture, fishing, gathering, etc., existing also a very large imaginary universe, which is part of the daily life, assimilated since the first inhabitants