Política indigenista, situação territorial e cidadania em relação aos Ticuna-Brasil e Colômbia

Abstract

This theme is developed in the sub-project "Indigenist Policy and Political Discourse: The Integration of the Ticuna into Brazilian National Society", which is part of the research project "Ethnography of Border Anthropology (Brazil and Colombia)". Territory is a fundamental element for understanding the existence and survival of indigenous ethnic groups. In the history of the Ticuna (Upper Solimões River - AM), since the first contacts, the actions of social and political actors such as missionaries, rubber tappers, boatmen, loggers and non-Indian fishermen, as well as officials of the official guardian body (SPI, 1942 and later FUNAI) are reflected in the formation of the indigenous policy aimed at the problems generated by the conflict of interests between Indians and non-Indians, which creates problems for the exercise of indigenous citizenship. The objective of this work is to verify the relationship between indigenist policy, territorial situation and citizenship among the Ticuna of Brazil and Colombia. The methodology applied was bibliographic research, a non-directive interview with a FUNAI indigenist involved in the discussion and practice of indigenous policy, and a recorded interview with a Ticuna leader (secondary source). The Ticuna have had their rights constantly violated in relation to their territory, especially with regard to the demarcation of their lands and the invasion of non-Indian loggers and fishermen who operate in their exploitation. A fundamental path to indigenous citizenship is political mobilization. Among the Ticuna, mobilization is carried out by the CGTT and FOCCITT organizations that, in the conflict relations between social and political actors with individual and collective interests, dispute the representativeness of these Indians.