DSpace Coleção: Teses e Dissertações
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/88
Teses e Dissertações2024-01-27T16:15:57ZCenso visual como complementação metodológica em estudos ictiofaunisticos
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/2506
Título: Censo visual como complementação metodológica em estudos ictiofaunisticos
Abstract: The Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin encompasses six Brazilian states and holds a rich
ichthyofaunal diversity with high endemism. A project is planned to improve navigability of
the waterway and enable year-round vessel traffic within the Tocantins-Araguaia drainage
system. An environmental impact analysis was conducted to assess the socio-environmental
feasibility of the process. However, concerning the ichthyofauna, many of the listed species
do not effectively represent the diversity of fishes inhabiting the area, as numerous resident
species have not been accurately cataloged. Therefore, effective and complementary
methodologies are necessary to evaluate and diagnose the impacted rheophilic fish
community, with the risk of neglect depending on the sampling method employed. This study
aims to use visual census through diving as a complementary tool for inventorying rheophilic
ichthyofauna in the Tocantins River in the Marabá region, near the well-known Pedral do
Lourenço. In 2019, a 10-day expedition was conducted, averaging two dives per day during
daylight hours, resulting in 105 minutes of footage. The results obtained were 5583 specimens
from the 2017/2018 campaign by the Environmental Impact Study, 636 specimens collected
during diving, and 143 individual fish records using visual census in 2019. The traditional
methods captured a significant diversity of species (59.3%), but diving and visual census
complemented this information by capturing exclusive and shared species. Characiformes
were predominantly sampled through traditional methods (97.31%), while diving accounted
for 13.52% and visual census for 9.79%. Siluriformes also exhibited differences in specimen
capture, with diving and visual census playing important roles. The combination of these
methods enhances efficiency in detecting fish diversity in rapids. The similarity between
diving and visual census highlights their complementarity, as evidenced by the cluster
analysis.
Tipo: Dissertação2023-01-01T00:00:00ZPesca, alimentação e ecologia produtiva e embrionária de carataí (Pseudauchenipterus nodosus) (siluriformes, auchenipteridae) no rio de Marapanim, Marapanim, Pa.
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1237
Título: Pesca, alimentação e ecologia produtiva e embrionária de carataí (Pseudauchenipterus nodosus) (siluriformes, auchenipteridae) no rio de Marapanim, Marapanim, Pa.
Abstract: This work presents information about the fishery, feeding, reproduction, and embryonic development of carataí, Pseudauchenipterus nodasus, based on material collected in the Marapanim River, State of Para, from December 1998 to April 1999. For this purpose, bi-weekly, using corral, tapage and fence, in four stretches of the river: in the bay, in the estuary funnel, in the middle and upper portions. It was confirmed that fishing was carried out during the reproductive period of the species, with most of the production being sold in neighboring municipalities. The catch data along the river highlighted the upper portion (33%) and average (44%) as the most productive stretches of the Marapanim river and indicated that the carataí performs upward movement governed by the moon. The species ingested larger portions of food in the section of the turbid water, mainly in tidal streams, and its diet is carried by annelids, arthropods, mollusks and fish. Local observations and the distribution of ovarian frequencies in the mature, breeding and depleted stages indicated that the carataí spawns fresh and clean water on the banks of the river and streams under undisturbed forest. The spawning occurs during the last peaks of maximum tides of the following syzygy, at a temperature of 22 to 27.5 ° C. After hatching, while the tide does not arrive, the embryos remain in the bark and, when they escape from it, survive in the ground for about of two hours. These embryos hatch apt to consume exogenous food, whereas those incubated in the water hatch early, with little perception of the environment. Interference in the annual replenishment of the Carataí on the Marapanim River seemed to depend more on the distribution of local rainfall and the integrity of the forest than on fishing.
Tipo: Dissertação2000-10-01T00:00:00ZInventário dos drosofilídeos (Diptera) associados a frutos, na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1236
Título: Inventário dos drosofilídeos (Diptera) associados a frutos, na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Melgaço, Pará, Brasil
Abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the diversity of frugivorous Drosophilidae (Diptera) in Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço, Pará, Brazil, utilizing a structured protocol. Two collecting expeditions were carried out betvveen 2003 and 2004. Traps baited with banana were distributed along 12 one km transects in each of 6 arcas separating the parallel streams flowing from the north into Caxiuanã bay in the "Ferreira Pena" Scientific Station in Caxiuanã National Forest. A total of 4,320 individuais were collected, belonging to 36 taxons in two genera Drosophila (subgenus Sophophora and Drosophila) and Neotanygastrella. The dominant species collected was D. willistoni, comprising 33.96% of ali individuais, followed by D. paulistorunt (21.94%), D. sturtevanti (18.73%), D. tropicahs (11.39%) and D. equinoxialis (6.37%) Five cosmopolitan species of melanogaster group occur in Caxiuanã, but the frequency of the group was only 1.75%. Species accumulation curves, generated by EstimateS, approached an asymptote with 315 samples, resulting in estimates from 40 to 53 total species. The Chao2 estimator produced curves that appmached stabilization with an estimate of 50 species. Analyses of the incidence and abundance matrix demonstrated that the collecting localities were similar, sharing from 40% to 66% in composition (Jaccard), with similar distributions of abundance (Morisita values between 85% and 100%). The percentage completeness of the inventory (79%) indicates that only 83 additional samples are necessary (21% increase in sampling effort, without addition singletons) in order to assess the total diversity of frugivorous Drosophilidae. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the methodology used for estimating the diversity of frugivorous drosophilids in Caxiuanã. Of the 23 subgenus Sophophora species collected, 4 were new records for Brazil (D. dacunhai, D. milleri, D. sahans, and D. septentriosaltans) and 8 were new records for Brazilian Arnazonia (D. austrosahans, D. dacunhai, D. magalhaesi, D. milleri, D. neocordata, D. neoelhptica, D. saltans, and D. septentriosahans).
Tipo: Dissertação2005-02-25T00:00:00ZDrosófilas e outros insetos associados a frutos de Parahancornia amapa dispersos sobre o solo da floresta
https://repositorio.museu-goeldi.br/handle/mgoeldi/1224
Título: Drosófilas e outros insetos associados a frutos de Parahancornia amapa dispersos sobre o solo da floresta
Abstract: Drosophila and other insects associated with fruits of Parahancomia amapa dispersed on the forest soil. One of the main challenges presented to those interested in studying evolutionary ecology has been to conceptualize, to define explain the patterns found in a community. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between species and resources in order to establish the degree to which this relationship can contribute to the patterns of abundance identified for the drosophilids in the Amazon region. It addresses 4 basic approaches 1. Study of the composition and structure of the community of all the insects associated to the fruit of Parahancomia amapa (Apocynaceae) dispersed on the ground, studied in three years of observation. 2. The composition, structure and distribution of abundance of the species members of the guild of drosophilids associated to the fruit. 3. The relationships between the drosophila and their resources, considering both fruit and yeasts associated with fruits and flies. 4. A preliminary assessment of the life cycle characteristics of the most abundant Drosophila species in this community. The basic methodology is the collection of fruits and laboratory monitoring of insect emergencies. Some field experiments are designed to answer specific questions about how species use resources. Laboratory experiments are used in life strategy studies (fecundity analysis, development time, and adult longevity). The results indicate high specific richness for this community, but the structure is marked by a low equitability among its components. Drosophila is the predominant group among insects. In the drosophila it was observed a gradual change of dominance, with ancestry of D.malerkotliana over the period, to the detriment of the dominant group, composed by the critical species of the subgroup willistoni, and of the other species that were becoming rarer, increasing the discrepancy between their abundances. D. malerkotliana is mainly associated to the fruits at the beginning of fermentation being predominantly attracted to the fruits at least one day before the other species, presenting priority effect. It has a high concentration of only one species of yeast, known as a strategist that is kloeckera apiculata, while the other species present greater diversification in the use of yeasts and use fruits in the phase of decomposition a little later. The distribution of all the drosophila was affected by fruit weight, tending to the highest concentration of flies in the heavier fruits and the total exclusion in fruits far below the average weight. The life strategies point to D. malerkotliana and the species of the subgroup willistoni as fast species, D. Sturtevanti shows to be a slow species. This species also stands out from the others as to the pattern of oviposition, development time and longevity. The growing success of D. malerkotliana observed in these three years of study has corresponded to the recent expansion of the species in the Amazon region and in the neotropical region as a whole. The first records of the species in the region date from the 70's and today the species is already among the group's dominant. Evaluation of this and other studies point to a combination of species characteristics (reproductive strategies and priority effect) and changes in habitat level, favoring its expansion and decline in guild diversity. These findings therefore indicate the possibility of using drosophilids as bioindicators of environmental changes occurring in relatively short periods of time.
Tipo: Tese1996-04-18T00:00:00Z